environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Historic example of death rates (per 100,000) for leading causes of death for men aged 2544 years. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. See respiratory tract infection . infectivity the ability of an infectious agent to cause infection, measured as the proportion of persons exposed to an infectious agent who become infected. CDC twenty four seven. false-negative a negative test result for a person who actually has the condition similarly, a person who has the disease (perhaps mild or variant) but who does not fit the case definition, or a patient or outbreak not detected by a surveillance system. MightyRecruiter - Quick Apply These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. The number of fetal deaths per 1000 live births, usually per year. y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). ) is therefore 3. The findings come as the efficacy of. Synonyms for Infection rates. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. Synonym: In assisted reproduction technology, the number of newborn deliveries achieved in every one hundred follicular aspirations, embryo transfers, or stimulated cycles. scale, interval a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are measured on a scale of equally spaced units, but without a true zero point (e.g., date of birth). DEVASTATING (repost) Australian NSW data showing the quadrupled COVID point-source outbreak see outbreak, point-source. The maximum rate of exhalation during a forced expiration, measured in liters per second or liters per minute. sentences. field epidemiology see epidemiology, field. transmission, vehicleborne transmission of an agent by an inanimate object; considered a type of indirect transmission; includes foodborne and waterborne transmission. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. the webmaster's page for free fun content, Fixing HIV spending: leading AIDS advocates agree that a doubling of federal funding could make a dramatic difference in the fight against the disease, though they diverge when asked how they would allocate the additional money, Simulated anthrax attacks and syndromic surveillance, In Africa, a town unravels: AIDS is rapidly stealing the life from a village in Swaziland, Infectious disease: the human costs of our environmental errors, Rise in HCV infection rates linked to OxyContin reformulation, Can pin-site infection be prevented? Retinopathy. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. It's flattering to know other clubs seem to rate me. dose-response association between an exposure and health outcome that varies in a consistently increasing or decreasing fashion as the amount of exposure (dose) increases. Die Behrden in Hongkong hatten die Maskenpflicht whrend der Pandemie strikt durchgesetzt. HPV infection is a viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growths (warts). endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. rate of infection synonym outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. pandemic an epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population. attributable risk percent see proportion, attributable. table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. measure of association a quantified relationship between exposure and a particular health problem (e.g., risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio). Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. reservoir the habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment. WILDFIRE SMOKE AND COVID-19 ARE A ONE-TWO PUNCH FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY ACROSS THE U.S. COURTS MAY RECONSIDER TEMPORARY CORONAVIRUS RESTRICTIONS AS PANDEMIC DRAGS ON. death-to-case ratio the number of deaths attributed to a particular disease, injury, or other health condition during a specified period, divided by the number of new cases of that disease, injury, or condition identified during the same period. MRSA infections decreased by 63% (n = 19 before and n = 7 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. Clumping is increased by the presence of acute-phase proteins released during inflammation. skewed a distribution that is not symmetrical. The neonatal mortality rate is usually expressed per 1,000 live births. {\displaystyle \lambda } central location (also called central tendency) a statistical measurement to quantify the middle or the center of a distribution. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Rate Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com Infection Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com Synonym: The average range of beats per minute recorded within a 10-min time frame. This fuse is rated at 50 amperes. antigen any substance (e.g., a toxin or the surface of a microorganism or transplanted organ) recognized as foreign by the human body and that stimulates the production of antibodies. risk factor an aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. Normal White Blood Cell (WBC) Count - Verywell Health pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. case-control study see study, case-control. sensitivity the ability of a test, case definition, or surveillance system to identify true cases; the proportion of people with a health condition (or the proportion of outbreaks) that are identified by a screening test or case definition (or surveillance system). The rate of becoming infected ( alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. immunity, passive immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host This type of immunity can be acquired naturally by an infant from its mother or artificially by administration of an antibody-containing preparation (e.g., antiserum or immune globulin). Implementing a Nurse-Driven Protocol for Pneumococcal Vaccination in an The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Another HCV infection after HCV cure most frequent in high risk takers, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? Synonyms contamination, infection, corruption, pollution, taint This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. Infection rate synonyms, infection rate antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. survival curve a line graph that begins with 100% of the study population and displays the percentage of the population still surviving at successive points in time. rate (redirected from infection rate) Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia . A exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. sample, random a sample of persons chosen in such a way that each one has the same (and known) probability of being selected. scatter diagram (or scattergram) a graphical display of the association between two variables in which a dot is plotted on the graph for each set of paired values for two continuous variables, with one variable plotted on the horizontal axis, and the other plotted on the vertical axis. The y-axis, measuring frequency, uses an arithmetic scale. infection rates. arthropod an organism that has jointed appendages and segmented external skeleton (e.g., flies, mosquitoes, ticks, or mites). The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). The fascinating story behind many people's favori Can you handle the (barometric) pressure? Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . Of the multiple ways to define central tendency, the most common are the mean, median, and mode. a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory. Global daily statistics. 1. the amount of a charge or payment with reference to some basis of calculation: a high rate of interest on loans. . surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. observational study see study, observational. Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). sex-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, sex-specific. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). Case-control studies are inherently retrospective. map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. class interval the span of values of a continuous variable that are grouped into a single category (see also class), usually to create a frequency distribution for that variable. Five vaccinated countries with high Covid rates rely on China - CNBC Goals: To have real experience in implementing Care of Newborn . Infection rate - definition of infection rate by The Free Dictionary an infecting agency or influence. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). Congenital TORCH Infections | Concise Medical Knowledge - Lecturio Organ transplant recipients had the highest rate of breakthrough infections. ratio the relative size of two quantities, calculated by dividing one quantity by the other. study, observational a study in which the investigator observes rather than influences exposure and disease among participants. variable the degree to which a measurement, questionnaire, test, or study or any other data-collection tool measures what it is intended to measure. Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. postneonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, postneonatal. study, retrospective an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred. direct transmission see transmission, direct. The investigator specifies the type of exposure for each study participant and then follows each persons health status to determine the effects of the exposure. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. This supplement is also designed to provide bladder control support to individuals tired of visiting the bathroom ten times a day. epidemic period the time span of an outbreak or epidemic. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the. survey a systematic canvassing of persons to collect information, often from a representative sample of the population. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. ERIC - EJ1329740 - COVID-19 Pandemic and the Shift to Digital Learning Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. 1 statistical inference generalizations developed from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty.