The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. What set the 486 apart was its optimized instruction set, with an on-chip unified instruction and data cache and an optional on-chip floating-point unit. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. The micro has to have a real . central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. What was the first computer software and how was it made? The Retina display became standard on most of the iPad, iPhone, MacBook, and Apple Watch product lines. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Stored-program computer - Wikipedia The Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer is a multi-year research project conducted under the overall supervision of world-famous mathematician John von Neumann. 2. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The function of an output device is to: Selected Answer: Convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end-users. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. Conceived in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this credit card-sized computer features ease of use and simplicity making it highly popular with students and hobbyists. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. Computer Science. Survey of Operating Systems Chapter #1 Flashcards | Quizlet The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. The camera had a maximum resolution of 0.11 megapixels a 256-color display, and photos could be shared wirelessly. Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. 2.4 trillion. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. Linux - Wikipedia OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. Using this system, the machine could work faster than any other at the time on a problem that could be parceled out among the many processors. Microsoft Apps At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals for the new family. Compaq licensed the MS-DOS operating system from Microsoft and legally reverse-engineered IBMs BIOS software. The Model 650 was also highly popular in universities, where a generation of students first learned programming. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. Acorn spun off ARM as its own company to license microprocessor designs, which in turn has transformed mobile computing with ARMs low power, high-performance processors and systems-on-chip (SoC). The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. The LINC was later commercialized by DEC and sold as the LINC-8. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. The line was discontinued in 2014. What can be accomplished by using the Quality Matters standards and the Rubric for Assessing Interactive Quality? effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Definition. FoxBase/FoxPro | Localazy Hub This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. A. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. Twenty-five ways in which MIT has transformed computing Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a vacuum tube. Paragon systems were used in many scientific areas, including atmospheric and oceanic flow studies, and energy research. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? Get started for free! answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Their first product, the HP 200A Audio Oscillator, rapidly became a popular piece of test equipment for engineers. When Was the First Computer Invented? - Computer Hope's Free Computer Help The Tandem-16 eventually led to the Non-Stop series of systems, which were used for early ATMs and to monitor stock trades. CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. Commodore releases the VIC-20 home computer as the successor to the Commodore PET personal computer. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. It has pre-programmed curricular material. The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. selecting effective instructional software. The Treo sold well, and the line continued until Handspring was purchased by Palm in 2003. Solved Until recently, good microcomputer software for - Chegg It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machines light-sensitive drum to a paper original isnt the only way to create an image. Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Featuring the first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM -compatible PCs, the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. [21] The first stored-program computers [ edit] Several computers could be considered the first stored-program computer, depending on the criteria. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. Microcomputers are an interesting part of the history of both computing and video games. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. Truong, founder and president of the French company R2E, created the Micral as a replacement for minicomputers in situations that did not require high performance, such as process control and highway toll collection. The Watch was received with great enthusiasm, but critics took issue with the somewhat limited battery life and high price. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Intel released the 80486 microprocessor and the i860 RISC/coprocessor chip, each of which contained more than 1 million transistors. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. Its price was $2,500. A consortium of aerospace, energy, and marine science agencies undertook the project, and the system was built by NEC around their SX-6 architecture. Among the lecturers were early computer designers like John von Neumann, Howard Aiken, J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, as well as mathematicians including Derrick Lehmer, George Stibitz, and Douglas Hartree. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. The basic computer cost $28,500. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. An electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can: 1. Chapter5.docx - CHAPTER 5 1. QUESTION 1 During the 1980s Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. Customers included US military as well as industry. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory.
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