B. $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. c. being forced to listen to jokes that belittle women B. c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1), 2136. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. You can see that an interaction that began at individual level, as two individuals conversing, has now turned to the group level, in which John has begun to consider himself as a man, and Sarah has begun to consider herself as a woman. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. What they have in common is that they are all forms of ________. c. hostile sexism. performance on cognitive tasks than does _____ sexism. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. Public opinion. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 166171. B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. d. Native Americans. Which of the following statements are accurate? I. Race and - BRAINLY During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Which statement is most consistent with the textbook's conclusions about race? Following are some situations in which the boundary between the worker and the client has become blurred. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. Influence of impression-management goals on the emerging content of group stereotypes: Support for a social-evolutionary perspective. b. Europeans. People naturally classify others into categories. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. Reggie and his family are well off financially. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. more: b. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. b. Joe Feagin Benefits include medical care costs and disability income. 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 109120. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? a. genocide. c. Japanese Americans A. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. b. modern sexism and benevolent sexism. The following statements concerning the thalamus are correct EXCEPT: A. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. a. the Whorfian hypothesis. The result of these series of activations is the release of a . 44; 22 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1), 522. opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. d. displacement. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. All Hispanics are nonwhite. a. immigration. San Diego, CA: Elsevier. 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: As a result of successive potato famines that produced widespread starvation, 1.5 million people migrated to the United States from ______ in the nineteenth century and settled mostly in ______ areas. a. the social categorization perspective. b. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from Incidence and Risk Patterns of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders - JAMA False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? Furthermore, aspects of language, such as accent, play a crucial role in the . c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. a. Order. d. as successful and assertive. a. whites which of the following statements concerning social categorization is IV. According to the U.S. Census, are people with origins in the Middle East and North Africa white? What does she write concerning Alex? c. 13 percent; 9 percent 2 A girl marries the boy next door. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. We actively categorize not only objects, but also ideas and events. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? d. Multiculturalism. This statement best reflects: c. the social categorization perspective. 11.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping - Principles of Social In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? I. d. all of the above. b. assimilation. a. social role theory. (2002). 4 We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and our failures to the shortcomings of others. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). a. multiculturalism. by pressing either the Yes button or the No button using either their left hand or their right hand. Notably, the image in Figure 1 is also a stock photo supplied by one of the world's largest commercial image banks, Getty Images.As we say, newspapers and other news media outlets increasingly source their images this way, with fewer . The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. (2001). According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. 275292). use of beauty products. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? Eastern European Americans c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. a. boys and girls were equally likely to be shown performing physical activities. answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . In other cases, stereotypes are maintained because information that confirms our stereotypes is better remembered than information that disconfirms them. a. modern sexism. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. b. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). a. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. c. Black women; Asian American women Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? than those who are not employed. b. Hispanic men PDF EXCEPT: C. - Parker University But research has found that stereotypes are often used out of our awareness, which makes it very difficult for us to correct for them. Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called c. assimilation. For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). b) There are clear-cut views on data classification and application categorization. I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). d. 50. The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. d. from 2008 to today, Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. 5 d. Which statement best characterizes the textbook's assessment of the Trump presidency? c. Asian women the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c. victim. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . c. women, regardless of their ethnicity, are generally viewed as unpleasant. According to Aristotle, an argument satisfies three conditions, and "is based on certain statements made in such a way as necessarily to cause the assertion of things other than those statements . As you can see in Figure 12.4 Perceptual Accentuation, the experiment involved having research participants judge the length of six lines. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations? A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Dwayne's attitude best reflects: 15 pages. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry b. Latinas Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). a. new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community. 4 His remark is considered a collectivistic remark. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). Essential Principles to Create an Equitable, Inclusive, and Diverse EMS c. social role theory. c. unableness c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. The most popular reaction-time implicit measure of prejudicethe Implicit Association Test (IAT)is frequently used to assess stereotypes and prejudice (Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007). Other indirect measures of prejudice are also frequently used in social psychological research, for instanceassessing nonverbal behaviors such as speech errors or physical closeness. In college textbooks approximately one-half of the references to women are specifically Patricia Linville and Edward Jones (1980) gave research participants a list of trait terms and asked them to think about either members of their own group (e.g., Blacks) or members of another group (e.g., Whites) and to place the trait terms into piles that represented different types of people in the group. ceremonies Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for d. 26 percent; 18 percent. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup b. often get angry, making a mountain out of a molehill. - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions The Integrity survey includes statements . Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. More than three-quarters of the nearly 59 million immigrants admitted to the United States since 1965 have been from which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. b and c, A recent study of 600 teenage girls of varied socioeconomic and ethnic background reported: I used this code when statements . d. Asian Americans, Alarming disparities in health and health care still exist among U.S. racial and ethnic groups. Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). d. Mexican Americans. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. c. poverty New York, NY: Guilford Press. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. a. d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives. When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. b. hostile sexism. b. African Americans International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. B) The simpler the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. Solved 1.) Which of the following statements | Chegg.com C. categorization (2011). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 275287. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. Solved Which of the following statements is true about - Chegg Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. Therefore, new challenges for public . d. generalization. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is As recently as 15 years ago, the few visible gay characters were usually portrayed negatively Prejudice occurs when one acts on a behavior whereas discrimination represents one's attitude. And when we are distracted or under time pressure, these tendencies become even more powerful (Stangor & Duan, 1991). a. c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. (2006). Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. a. create massive numbers of jobs. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. Classification and quantitative judgment. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. d. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of overt racism. . Imagine, however, that as the conversation continues, Sarah brings up an assignment that she is completing for her womens studies class. d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. c. William Julius Wilson Critiques Strengthen and Improve the Original Findings: Rejoinder to Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. a. C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. a. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. d. Neither of the above, The birth congratulations card study found that The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? a. unmarried women. b. Germany; urban Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? b. physical attractiveness d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. a. Polarized appraisals of out-group members. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? c. Segregation Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. a. Puerto Rico Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . White women over age 35 The terms "hag," "wicked old witch" and "old maid" are examples of: Which of the following statements about TV depiction of older adults is/are true? c. The media tend to portray Latinas in low-status occupations. b. women under age 35; women over age 35 b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. Whites acknowledge they have privilege. Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Want to create or adapt books like this? c. White women under age 35 If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 808817. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. c. segregation. In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. This overgeneralization makes it more likely that we will think about and treat all members of a group the same way. c. antimiscegenation C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Because our stereotypes are activated spontaneously when we think about members of different social groups, it is possible to use reaction-time measures to assess this activation and thus to learn about peoples stereotypes and prejudices. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. You may remember the word "stratification" from geology class. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. is/are true? a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan A. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. Because Asian students are aware of the stereotype that Asians are good at math, reminding them of this fact before they take a difficult math test can improve their performance on the test (Walton & Cohen, 2003). d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: This is an example of Denying Francisco a raise is an example of One of the long-standing puzzles in the area of academic performance concerns why Black students perform more poorly on standardized tests, receive lower grades, and are less likely to remain in school in comparison with White students, even when other factors such as family income, parents education, and other relevant variables are controlled. a. white men and women the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . One day, the power goes out. Sociology CH 10 Flashcards | Quizlet It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. c. scapegoating If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. Assimilation is when 3, pp. Which of the following statements about categorization in humans is FALSE? He has shared this information with his which of the following statements concerning social categorization is b. eugenics. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. b. benevolent; hostile c. economic factors c. Ireland; rural Give one example of a superordinate goal. A. permanent 4 situational. In R. V. Kail (Ed. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 34, pp. Estimate with 90% confidence the number of American adults who were working full time. a. Social categorization influences our perceptions of groupsfor instance, the perception of outgroup homogeneity. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are white. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Chen, M., & Bargh, J. Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. c. Asian Americans b. African Americans 2 "I did a good job because the task was easy." c. have increased use of sexual imagery in recent years. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or As you can see in Table 12.1 Name Confusions, the mistakes were such that the statements that had actually been made by a man were more frequently wrongly attributed to another man in the group than to another woman, and the statements actually made by a woman were more frequently attributed to other women in the group than to a man. b. discrimination. B., & Jetten, J. Generic Generalizations (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Winter The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. During the next vote, Belinda changes her vote from guilty to not guilty. c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic (2002). 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. Which component of attitude is being affected? a. Germany; rural In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds. Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. television. Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. a. modern; benevolent b. Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. If the jury cannot decide on a verdict, a mistrial will be declared. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson.